Does An Ace Count As A One In Poker

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Lee Jones

In the last couple of years, as theoretical understanding of poker has galloped forward, an entire new vocabulary has emerged. I mean, when I was playing limit hold'em in San Jose 25 years ago, had you said, 'minimum defense frequency,' they'd have thought you were talking about the 49ers.

One of the words that you hear most frequently now is 'combinations' or 'combos.' Once you accept the concept of an opponent (or yourself) having a range of hands, the next interesting question is, 'Well, how many hands are in that range?' The way you answer that is to figure out how many 'combinations' there are of the hands that make up the presumed range.

Counting Combos: Pocket Pairs

Let's try one. Suppose you are playing $1/$3 no-limit hold'em and before the flop, you raise to $12 in early position with a pair of jacks. A straightforward and uncreative player in late position reraises you to $40. It folds back around to you. Based on your knowledge of this player, you expect her to three-bet with only a pair of queens or better, and all of her ace-kings. So her three-betting range is Q-Q, K-K, A-A, and A-K. How do your jacks fare against her presumed range?

Well, there are six combos of every pocket pair. To determine that, we see that we can randomly pick any of the four queens in the deck, and now have three remaining queens with which to make a pair. So that's 4 x 3 = 12. However, if we pick the first, and then the , that's no different than picking the first and then the . So we must divide by two to get a total of six.

Another way of skinning the same cat: pick the and see that you can then pick the , , or to make a pair. That's three. Now pick the first, leaving just the and to pair. Two more. Finally, the has only the to pair it. One more. 3 + 2 + 1 = 6. Math is beautiful.

So, six combos for each pocket pair. For Q-Q / K-K / A-A, that's a total of 18 combos. So far so good.

Counting Combos: Non-Paired Hands

What about A-K combos? If we give the villain all of the ace-king combos, then she can make one by taking any of the four aces and crossing them with any of the four kings. 4 x 4 = 16 and that's the number of combos.

Of course, if she restricts herself to suited ace-kings, then pretty clearly there are just four of those — , , , .

Calculating Our Equity

We'd agreed that she would three-bet all of her ace-king combos plus queens, kings, or aces, so we conclude she has one of 34 possible hands: 18 pocket pairs and 16 ace-kings.

The 18 pocket pairs are 81-to-19 favorites against us, while we are a 57-to-43 favorite against the 16 ace-kings. To determine our equity against her, we weight each combo by its share of the range pie, compute our equity against that slice, and then sum them up.

For this example, we can compute our equity as follows:

Against the higher pairs, we have 0.18 (18%) equity. The higher pairs make up 18 / 34 of the villain's presumed range. So our equity for that piece = 0.18 x 18 / 34 = 0.10 or 10% (0.095 to be closer).
Against the ace-king combos, we have 0.57 (57%) equity. The ace-kings make up 16 / 34 of the villain's range. Our equity against that piece is 0.57 x 16 / 34 = 0.27 or 27%.
Summing the two, we get 0.10 + 0.27 = 0.37 or 37% equity against her presumed range.

The good news is that there are programs such as Pro Poker Tools and the like that let you ask questions such as 'How much equity does a pair of jacks have against a range of Q-Q / K-K / A-A / A-K?' But it's useful to know how those things are calculated.

Using Combos to Improve Decision-Making

What to do with that information is beyond the scope of this article, but as an example, if the villain were all in for her $40, we'd know exactly how to proceed.

Setting aside rake for the moment, there's $12 + $40 + $1 + $3 = $56 in the pot. It costs us another $28 to call. Conveniently enough, we're getting exactly 2-to-1 odds to call, so we must have at least 33.3% equity to call her shove. We have a hair above that (37%), so we shrug, slide in the extra $28, and ask the dealer to run out the board.

By the way, I had suggested that we ignore the rake for simplicity. Note that in this case once we take the rake into effect, this could turn into a fold. If you don't see that, subtract the rake ($5 or whatever) from the pot and redo the pot odds calculations, remembering that you still need to call the full $28.

Conclusion

I grant that counting pairs and ace-king combos is relatively simple. But suppose in the heat of battle, a flop comes down and you believe that your opponent could have (among other possible hands) any of the heart flush draws that are two suited Broadway cards, plus all of the ace-high flush draws. How many flush draw combos does she have? (See the answer below.)

Not surprisingly, the best way to get better at this is to practice in the lab (a.k.a. 'your kitchen table'). Go over common situations and learn the arithmetic. Eventually, you'll be as comfortable with the important ones as you're sure that jacks have 37% equity against a range of {QQ+, AK}.

This stuff is not trivial and if you're not used to working with numbers, it can be a bit daunting. But at least some of your opponents are already doing it, and once you get the hang of it, you might even enjoy the mental gymnastics.

P.S. Your villain can have the suited-in-heart combos of A-Q, A-J, A-T, A-9, A-7, A-6, A-5, A-4, A-3, A-2, Q-J, Q-T, J-T, for a total of 13.

Lee Jones can help you count combos and then count your winnings. Go to leejones.com/coaching and schedule a free coaching consultation. Lee specializes in coaching live cash game players.

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cash game strategytournament strategyno-limit hold'emcombinationscombospot oddsprobabilitiesequityrangesrange readinglive pokeronline poker

One questions I hear all of the time from poker players new to Texas Hold'em is “what is a kicker and when does it count?”. At first, it can be quite a confusing concept to wrap your head around but once you have an understanding of what a kicker is, it's actually quite simple.

Here is the definition:

A kicker is a card in poker that decides the winner if two or more players are tied with the same hand rank. E.g. a player with AK will outkick an opponent's AQ on a AJ932 board. Both players have a pair but AK has the better 5-card hand of AAKJ9 vs AAQJ9 where the K/Q, J, and 9 count as kickers.

One key point to keep in mind is that the best 5-card hand wins in poker. Winners are usually determined from the rank of a hand (e.g. flush vs full house or Ace-high flush versus King-high flush) but when both players hold the same hand rank, a kicker must come into play to separate the winners from the losers by making a 5-card hand.

So you might be wondering who wins in this scenario:

Well think about it for a minute, and then if you can't work it out, have a read of the list below.

Table Of Contents

How To Determine When A Kicker Play

How To Determine When A Kicker Play

Here is a list of the hands in poker and how/if a kicker is played:

High card:

A high card plays when neither player has a pair or better. When both players have a high card, all cards can be counted as a kicker. Take your two hole cards and five community cards, then start with the highest-ranking card and compare to your opponent while ignoring the two weakest cards of the 7 total.

An example of where a high card kicker plays:

Your hand: A♠ 9♣
Your opponent's hand: A♥ 5♠
The community cards: K♥ Q♣ 8♦ 2♠ 3♠
Your best 5 cards: A♠ K♥ Q ♣ 9♣ 8♦
His best 5 cards: A♥ K♥ Q♣ 8♦ 5 ♠

We ignore the 3♠ and the 2♠ on the board since they are lower than the other 5 cards.

And now, let's take this situation where one of your kickers doesn't play:

Your hand: A♣ 7♠
Opponents hand: A♥ 5♥
The community cards: K♦ Q♦ 9 ♣ 8♥ 3♣
Your best 5 cards: A♣ K♦ Q♦ 9 ♣ 8♥
Hist best 5 cards: A♥ K♦ Q♦ 9 ♣ 8♥

I.e. the 5♥ and the 7♠ are both lower than the other 5 cards on the board and therefore the pot is split.

One pair:

With one pair a kicker is used when your second card is better than your opponent and the remaining cards on the board.

Your hand: A♥ K♥
Opponents hand: A♦ Q♣
The community cards: A♣ T♦ 7♠ 5♠ 2 ♦
Your best 5 cards: A♥ A♣ K♥ T♦ 7♠
Hist best 5 cards: A♦ A♣ Q♣ T♦ 7♠

In this case, you have your opponent out kicked with the hand of a pair of Aces with King kicker vs a pair of Aces with a Queen kicker.

Two pair

A single card kicker plays with two pair only when you do not make two pair with both of your hole cards. For example:

Your hand: A♥ K♥
Opponents hand: A♦ Q♣
The community cards: A♣ T♦ 7♠ 5♠ 5♦
Your best 5 cards: A♥ A♣ 5♠ 5♦ K♥
Hist best 5 cards: A♦A♣ 5♠ 5♦ Q♣

The pot will be split if both players have the same two pair using both their hole cards.

Two pair winners are determined by first determining the best highest-ranked pair between you and your opponent, and then if these are the same, you compare the 2nd pair.

Can you now work out the example we gave in the introduction? Here is broken down:

Your hand: A♣ 2♦
Opponents hand: A♦ 7♠
The community cards: A♥ 9♥ 9♣ J♦4♣
Your best 5 cards: A♣ A♥ 9♥ 9♣ J♦
Hist best 5 cards: A♦ A♥ 9♥ 9♣ J♦

Therefore the pot will be split since neither the 7♠ nor the 2♦ are played and both players have the same hand.

Three of a kind:

A kicker with three of a kind is determined in the same way as one pair. If you have AK on an AA752 board, vs AQ you will have the best 5 cards with AAAK7 vs AAAQ7.

Your hand: A♥ K♥
Opponents hand: A♦ Q♣
The community cards: A♣ A♠ 7♠ 5♥2♦
Your best 5 cards: A♥A♣ A♠ K♥ 7♠
Hist best 5 cards: A♦ A♣ A♠ Q♣ 7♠

You have the best five cards in this scenario because the K♥ plays after the three Aces.

Note the difference between an ordinary 3 of a kind and a set – a set is when you make three you of a kind using the two hole cards whereas an ordinary three of a kind is when you have three of the same card using only one of your hole cards.

Take this example of having 99 on an A9642 board, you have three of a kind (or set) on this board but it's impossible for anyone else to also have 99.

So there are no kickers when you have a set, because it's impossible for your opponent to have three cards of the same rank, but a kicker can count for an ordinary three of a kind where only one card is used from your hole cards.

Straight:

There is no kicker with a straight because a straight is made using 5 cards.

Flush:

Similar to a straight, there can be no kickers with flushes as these hands require the 5 cards to be used.

Full house:

There are no kickers with a full house. Hands are ranked in a similar way to two pair.

Firstly, the best three of a kind is the winner, if both players have the same three of a kind, the best pair wins. If both players have the same three of a kind and pair, the hand will always be split.

Four of a kind:

A kicker does not play with a four of a kind (quads) unless the four of a kind is on the board.

Your hand: A♥ 5♠
Opponents hand: K♦ J♦
The community cards: Q♥ Q♦Q♠ Q♣ 4♦
Your best 5 cards: Q♥ Q♦Q♠ Q♣ A♥
His best 5 cards: Q♥ Q♦Q♠ Q♣ K♦

You will win this hand as your Ace kicker players after the four Queens.

Straight flush/Royal Flush:

Similar to a straight and flush, kickers do not play as a straight or royal flush require 5 cards.

Here is a summary of when kickers do and don't count in poker:

Hand Type	Does a kicker count?
Ace high	✔️ Yes
One pair	✔️ Yes
Two pair	✔️ Yes
Three of a Kind	✔️ Yes
Straight	❌ No
Flush	❌ No
Full House	❌ No
Four of a kind	✔️ Yes
Straight Flush	❌ No
Royal Flush	❌ No

When A Kicker Doesn't Play

We already mentioned when a kicker doesn't play e.g. in a straight, flush or full house. However, a kicker also won't decide the winner when you and your opponent has the same hand e.g. A5 vs A5.

A kicker also doesn't decide the best hand when there are better kickers already on the board.

For example, if you have A4 and your opponent has A3 on an AK762 board, the best 5 cards for both opponents is AAK76 and the kicker won't be included in the hand. Therefore, the pot will be split between the two players despite us having a better hole card than our opponent.

Kickers can also be counterfeited. If you have a hand of A5 on a AQT2 board, any card higher than a 5 on the river will mean that your kicker has been counterfeited and won't play. E.g. if the river was a 7 the best 5 cards would be AAQT7.

When Is A Kicker Important?

A kicker most often comes into play when you have a high card or single pair.

However, the best hand you can get with a kicker is AK, because if your opponent has an Ace or King in their hand, you will have them outkicked and you will be a big favourite to win the hand (roughly 75% favourite).

AK always makes top pair top kicker which is the best one pair hand you can make.

Does An Ace Count As A 1 In Poker

Since players most often play high-rank hands, kickers are most important when you have a high card. This is why it is not advisable to play weak ace hands (e.g. A2 or A3) very often (see poker position).

A2 will make top pair bottom kicker on an ace-high board (e.g. AQ753) and is a significantly weaker hand than top pair top kicker.

If you do happen to have top pair bottom kicker on an ace-high board, it is quite likely that you could be facing another ace with a better kicker (or better) if a lot of money goes into the pot.

Being outkicked is one the common poker mistakes I recommend watching out for, so make sure you carefully consider your kicker the next time you are on the table!

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